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Pain & Inflammation • Educational only; not medical advice. Prescriptions at clinician discretion.

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On this page: Overview FAQ Gov/NIH

Overview

Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used for the relief of pain, inflammation, and fever. It inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, decreasing prostaglandin synthesis — chemicals responsible for pain and inflammation. Available in oral, topical, and injectable forms, it is marketed under brand names such as Voltaren, Cataflam, and Zipsor.

Uses

Indicated for musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, and postoperative pain. Topical gels and patches are effective for localized joint and soft-tissue inflammation.

Dosage & Administration

Typical oral dosing is 50 mg two or three times daily or 75 mg extended-release once daily. Topical formulations (1–2%) are applied 2–4 times daily to affected areas. Parenteral (IM/IV) forms are used for acute pain management.

Side Effects & Warnings

Common side effects: stomach upset, heartburn, nausea, and edema. Serious: ulcers, GI bleeding, liver toxicity, and cardiovascular events with long-term use. Contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease, severe heart failure, or NSAID allergy.

Patient Considerations

Patients should use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration. Taking diclofenac with food or milk can minimize gastrointestinal irritation. Avoid alcohol and concurrent use of other NSAIDs.

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Frequently asked questions

Is diclofenac stronger than ibuprofen?

It is often more potent and longer-acting, especially for arthritis pain.

Can I use diclofenac gel and pills together?

Yes, under supervision to avoid excess systemic exposure.

Is it safe for chronic use?

Long-term use increases cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risk; regular monitoring is essential.

Government / NIH sources

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